Xpovio (selinexor) for Multiple Myeloma: Side Effects & Dosage

Xpovio (selinexor) for Multiple Myeloma: Side Effects & Dosage [the_ad id=”28610″]

Generic drug: selinexor

Brand name: Xpovio

What is Xpovio (selinexor), and how does it work?

Xpovio is a prescription medicine used:

in combination with dexamethasone to treat adults with multiple myeloma (MM) that has come back (relapsed) or that did not respond to previous treatment (refractory), and
- who have received at least 4 prior therapies, and
- whose disease did not respond to (refractory) to at least 2 proteasome inhibitor medicines, at least 2 immunomodulatory agents, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody medicine.
to treat adults with certain types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that has come back (relapsed) or that did not respond to previous treatment (refractory) and who have received at least 2 prior therapies It is not known if Xpovio is safe and effective in children less than 18 years of age.

What are the side effects of Xpovio?

Xpovio can cause serious side effects, including:

Nausea and vomiting.
Nausea and vomiting are common with Xpovio and can sometimes be severe.
Nausea and vomiting may affect your ability to eat and drink well. You can
lose too much body fluid and body salts (electrolytes) and may be at risk
for becoming dehydrated. You may need to receive intravenous (IV) fluids or
other treatments to help prevent dehydration. Your healthcare provider will
prescribe anti-nausea medicines for you to take before you start and during
treatment with Xpovio.
Diarrhea. Diarrhea is common with Xpovio and can sometimes be severe. You can lose too much body fluid and body salts (electrolytes) and may be at risk for becoming dehydrated. You may need to receive IV fluids or other treatments to help prevent dehydration. Your healthcare provider will prescribe anti-diarrhea medicine for you as needed.
Loss of appetite and weight loss. Loss of appetite and weight loss are common with Xpovio and can sometimes be severe. Tell your healthcare provider if you have a decrease or loss of appetite and if you notice that you are losing weight. Your healthcare provider may prescribe medicines that can help increase your appetite or prescribe other kinds of nutritional support.
Decreased sodium levels in your blood. Decreased sodium levels in your blood is common with Xpovio but can also sometimes be severe. Low sodium levels in your blood can happen if you have nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, you become dehydrated, or if you have loss of appetite with Xpovio. You may not have any symptoms of a low sodium level. Your healthcare provider may talk with you about your diet and prescribe IV fluids for you based on the sodium levels in your blood. Your healthcare provider will do blood tests before you start taking Xpovio, and often during the first 2 months of treatment, and then as needed during treatment to monitor the sodium levels in your blood.
Serious infections. Infections are common with Xpovio and can be serious and can sometimes cause death. Xpovio can cause infections including upper or lower respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia, and an infection throughout your body (sepsis). Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have any signs or symptoms of an infection such as cough, chills or fever, during treatment with Xpovio.
Neurologic side effects. Xpovio can cause neurologic side effects that can sometimes be severe and life-threatening.
- Xpovio can cause dizziness, fainting, decreased alertness, and changes in your mental status including confusion and decreased awareness of things around you (delirium).
- In some people, Xpovio may also cause problems with thinking (cognitive problems), seeing or hearing things that are not really there (hallucinations), and may become very sleepy or drowsy.

Tell your healthcare provider right away if you get any of these signs or symptoms.

Your healthcare provider may change your dose of Xpovio, stop your treatment for a period of time, or completely stop your treatment if you have certain side effects during treatment with Xpovio.

Common side effects of Xpovio include:

Xpovio may cause fertility problems in males and females, which may affect your ability to have children. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have concerns about fertility.

These are not all the possible side effects of Xpovio.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What is the dosage for Xpovio?

Recommended Dosage For Multiple Myeloma

In Combination With Bortezomib And Dexamethasone (SVd)

The recommended dosage of
Xpovio is 100 mg taken orally once weekly on Day 1 of each week until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in combination with:

Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² administered subcutaneously once weekly on Day 1 of each week for 4 weeks followed by 1 week off.
Dexamethasone 20 mg taken orally twice weekly on Days 1 and 2 of each week.

Refer to the prescribing information of bortezomib and dexamethasone for additional dosing information.

In Combination With Dexamethasone (Sd)

The recommended dosage of Xpovio is 80 mg taken orally on Days 1 and 3 of each week until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in combination with dexamethasone 20 mg taken orally with each dose of
Xpovio on Days 1 and 3 of each week.
For additional information regarding the administration of dexamethasone, refer to its prescribing information.

Recommended Dosage For Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

The recommended dosage of Xpovio is 60 mg taken orally on Days 1 and 3 of each week until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Recommended Monitoring For Safety

Monitor complete blood count (CBC) with differential, standard blood chemistries, body weight, nutritional status, and volume status at baseline and during treatment as clinically indicated.
Monitor more frequently during the first three months of treatment.
Assess the need for dosage modifications of Xpovio for adverse
reactions.

Recommended Concomitant Treatments

Advise patients to maintain
adequate fluid and caloric intake throughout treatment. Consider intravenous
hydration for patients at risk of dehydration.

Provide prophylactic
antiemetics. Administer a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and other anti-nausea agents
prior to and during treatment with Xpovio.

Dosage Modification For Adverse Reactions

Recommended
Xpovio dosage reduction steps are presented in Table 1.

Table 1:
Xpovio Dosage Reduction Steps for Adverse Reactions

	Multiple Myeloma In Combination with Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (SVd)	Multiple Myeloma In Combination with Dexamethasone (Sd)	Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Recommended Starting Dosage	100 mg once weekly	80 mg Days 1 and 3 of each week (160 mg total per week)	60 mg Days 1 and 3 of each week (120 mg total per week)
First Reduction	80 mg once weekly	100 mg once weekly	40 mg Days 1 and 3 of each week (80 mg total per week)
Second Reduction	60 mg once weekly	80 mg once weekly	60 mg once weekly
Third Reduction	40 mg once weekly	60 mg once weekly	40 mg once weekly
Fourth Reduction	Permanently discontinue	Permanently discontinue	Permanently discontinue

Recommended dosage modifications for hematologic adverse reactions in patients with multiple myeloma and DLBCL are presented in Table 2 and Table 3, respectively. Recommended dosage modifications for nonhematologic adverse reactions are presented in Table 4.

Table 2:
Xpovio Dosage Modification Guidelines for Hematologic Adverse Reactions in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Adverse Reaction	Occurrence	Action
Thrombocytopenia
Platelet count 25,000 to less than 75,000/mcL	Any	Reduce Xpovio by 1 dose level (see Table 1).
Platelet count 25,000 to less than 75,000/mcL with concurrent bleeding	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1) after bleeding has resolved. Administer platelet transfusions per clinical guidelines.
Platelet count less than 25,000/mcL	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until platelet count returns to at least 50,000/mcL. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).
Neutropenia
Absolute neutrophil count of 0.5 to 1 x 10⁹/L without fever	Any	Reduce Xpovio by 1 dose level (see Table 1).
Absolute neutrophil count less than 0.5 x 10⁹/L OR febrile neutropenia	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until neutrophil counts return to 1 x 10⁹/L or higher. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).
Anemia
Hemoglobin less than 8 g/dL	Any	Reduce Xpovio by 1 dose level (see Table 1). Administer blood transfusions per clinical guidelines.
Life-threatening consequences	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor hemoglobin until levels return to 8 g/dL or higher. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1). Administer blood transfusions per clinical guidelines.

Table 3:
Xpovio Dosage Modification Guidelines for Hematologic Adverse Reactions in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Adverse Reaction	Occurrence	Action
Thrombocytopenia
Platelet count 50,000 to less than 75,000/mcL	Any	Interrupt one dose of Xpovio. Restart Xpovio at the same dose level.
Platelet count 25,000 to less than 50,000/mcL without bleeding	1st	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until platelet count returns to at least 50,000/mcL. Reduce Xpovio by 1 dose level (see Table 1).
Platelet count 25,000 to less than 50,000/mcL with concurrent bleeding	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until platelet count returns to at least 50,000/mcL. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1), after bleeding has resolved. Administer platelet transfusions per clinical guidelines.
Platelet count less than 25,000/mcL	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until platelet count returns to at least 50,000/mcL. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1). Administer platelet transfusions per clinical guidelines.
Neutropenia
Absolute neutrophil count of 0.5 to less than 1 x 10⁹/L without fever	1st occurrence	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until neutrophil counts return to 1 x 10⁹/L or higher. Restart Xpovio at the same dose level.
	Recurrence	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until neutrophil counts return to 1 x 10⁹/L or higher. Administer growth factors per clinical guidelines. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).
Absolute neutrophil count less than 0.5 x 10⁹/L OR Febrile neutropenia	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until neutrophil counts return to 1 x 10⁹/L or higher. Administer growth factors per clinical guidelines. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).
Anemia
Hemoglobin less than 8 g/dL	Any	Reduce Xpovio by 1 dose level (see Table 1). Administer blood transfusions per clinical guidelines.
Life-threatening consequences	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor hemoglobin until levels return to 8 g/dL or higher. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1). Administer blood transfusions per clinical guidelines.

Table 4:
Xpovio Dosage Modification Guidelines for Non–Hematologic Adverse Reactions

Adverse Reaction	Occurrence	Action
Nausea and Vomiting
Grade 1 or 2 nausea (oral intake decreased without significant weight loss, dehydration or malnutrition) OR Grade 1 or 2 vomiting (5 or fewer episodes per day)	Any	Maintain Xpovio and initiate additional anti-nausea medications.
Grade 3 nausea (inadequate oral caloric or fluid intake) OR Grade 3 or higher vomiting (6 or more episodes per day)	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until nausea or vomiting has resolved to Grade 2 or lower or baseline. Initiate additional anti-nausea medications. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).
Diarrhea
Grade 2 (increase of 4 to 6 stools per day over baseline)	1^st	Maintain Xpovio and institute supportive care.
Grade 2 (increase of 4 to 6 stools per day over baseline)	2^nd and subsequent	Reduce Xpovio by 1 dose level (see Table 1). Institute supportive care.
Grade 3 or higher (increase of 7 stools or more per day over baseline; hospitalization indicated)	Any	Interrupt Xpovio and institute supportive care. Monitor until diarrhea resolves to Grade 2 or lower. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).
Weight Loss and Anorexia
Weight loss of 10% to less than 20% OR Anorexia associated with significant weight loss or malnutrition	Any	Interrupt Xpovio and institute supportive care. Monitor until weight returns to more than 90% of baseline weight. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).
Hyponatremia
Sodium level 130 mmol/L or less	Any	Interrupt Xpovio, evaluate, and provide supportive care. Monitor until sodium levels return to greater than 130 mmol/L. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).
Fatigue
Grade 2 lasting greater than 7 days OR Grade 3	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until fatigue resolves to Grade 1 or baseline. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).
Ocular Toxicity
Grade 2, excluding cataract	Any	Perform ophthalmologic evaluation. Interrupt Xpovio and provide supportive care. Monitor until ocular symptoms resolve to Grade 1 or baseline. Restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).
Grade ≥3, excluding cataract	Any	Permanently discontinue Xpovio. Perform ophthalmologic evaluation.
Other Non-Hematologic Adverse Reactions
Grade 3 or 4	Any	Interrupt Xpovio. Monitor until resolved to Grade 2 or lower; restart Xpovio at 1 dose level lower (see Table 1).

Administration

Each Xpovio dose should be taken at approximately the same time of day and each tablet should be swallowed whole with water. Do not break, chew, crush, or divide the tablets.
If a dose of Xpovio is missed or delayed, instruct patients to take their next dose at the next regularly scheduled time.
If a patient vomits a dose of Xpovio, the patient should not repeat the dose and the patient should take the next dose on the next regularly scheduled day.

SLIDESHOW

Understanding Cancer: Metastasis, Stages of Cancer, and More
See Slideshow

What drugs interact with Xpovio?

No Information Provided

Is Xpovio safe to use while pregnant or breastfeeding?

Based on findings in animal studies and its mechanism of action, Xpovio can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
There are no available data in pregnant women to inform the drug-associated risk.
There is no information regarding the presence of selinexor or its metabolites in human milk, or their effects on the breastfed child or milk production.
Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed
child, women should not breastfeed during treatment with Xpovio and for 1 week after the last dose.

Medically Reviewed on 3/11/2021

References

All sections courtesy of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

[the_ad id=”28610″]